Medicare · Guide

Your Medicare enrollment timeline.

Medicare’s enrollment windows are confusing by design — and missing one can cost you. Here’s every period explained simply, plus the penalties to avoid and the 2026 numbers that matter.

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Medicare has more enrollment windows than almost any program, and missing the right one can mean a gap in coverage or a penalty that follows you for life. This guide lays out each period in plain English, so you know exactly when to act. When you’re ready, we’ll walk it with you — free.

Your key Medicare enrollment windows

7-month window around your 65th birthday

Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)

Your first chance to sign up — the three months before your birthday month, your birthday month, and the three months after. Enrolling before your birthday month means coverage can start sooner. This is the cleanest time to get Parts A and B.

First 6 months you have Part B at 65+

Medigap Open Enrollment

A one-time, six-month window to buy any Medigap (Medicare Supplement) plan with no health questions asked. In Minnesota this means guaranteed access to the Basic, Extended Basic, and other state-standardized plans. Miss it, and switching later can require medical underwriting.

October 15 – December 7, every year

Annual Enrollment Period (AEP)

The yearly window when anyone on Medicare can join, switch, or drop a Medicare Advantage or Part D plan. Changes take effect January 1. This is the time to review your plan, since benefits, networks, and drug formularies change each year.

January 1 – March 31, every year

Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment

If you’re already in a Medicare Advantage plan, you get one chance here to switch to another Advantage plan or move back to Original Medicare (and add a Part D plan).

January 1 – March 31, every year

General Enrollment Period (GEP)

A safety net if you missed your Initial Enrollment Period for Part B. You can enroll here, with coverage beginning the first of the month after you sign up — though a late-enrollment penalty may apply.

Triggered by a qualifying life event

Special Enrollment Periods (SEPs)

Certain events — like losing employer coverage, moving out of your plan’s service area, or your plan leaving Medicare — open a special window to make changes outside the usual periods. We’ll confirm whether one applies to you.

Watch out for late-enrollment penalties

Medicare penalties are permanent, which is why timing matters so much:

  • Part B penalty: if you delay Part B without other qualifying coverage, your premium can rise by 10% for each full year you could have had it — for as long as you have Part B.
  • Part D penalty: going without creditable drug coverage after you’re first eligible adds a small permanent surcharge to your Part D premium, based on how long you went without.

If you’re still working at 65 with employer coverage, you may be able to delay penalty-free — but the rules are specific, so it’s worth a quick conversation before you decide.

The 2026 numbers to know

  • Standard Part B premium: $202.90 a month (higher earners pay more).
  • Part D out-of-pocket cap: $2,100 for the year — after that, you pay $0 for covered drugs.
  • Medicare Advantage out-of-pocket maximums vary by plan; in-network limits can’t exceed $9,250.
Not sure which path fits? Start with our Medicare Advantage vs. Medigap guide, or see the full Medicare overview →

Medicare enrollment, answered

Most people sign up during their Initial Enrollment Period — the seven months around their 65th birthday. If you’re still working at 65 with employer coverage, you may be able to delay Part B penalty-free, but confirm the rules first so you don’t trigger a permanent penalty.
October 15 to December 7 each year. It’s when anyone on Medicare can join, switch, or drop a Medicare Advantage or Part D plan, with changes taking effect January 1. Because plans change yearly, it’s the time to review your coverage.
You may face a permanent penalty. The Part B penalty adds 10% to your premium for each full year you delayed without qualifying coverage, and the Part D penalty adds a smaller permanent surcharge. Both last as long as you have the coverage.
During the six-month Medigap Open Enrollment Period that starts when you’re 65 or older and enrolled in Part B. In Minnesota that guarantees access to the state-standardized plans. After that window, switching can require medical underwriting.
Yes. We’re local Medicare brokers and our help is free — we compare Advantage, Medigap, and Part D for your doctors and prescriptions, confirm the right enrollment window, and handle the paperwork with you.

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Last updated: June 19, 2026